Brazil 　　A nation of non-readers 　　MANY Brazilians cannot read. In 2000, a quarter of those aged 15 and older were functionally illiterate. Many simply do not want to. Only one literate adult in three reads books. The average Brazilian reads 1.8 non-academic books a yearless than half the figure in Europe and the United States. In a recent survey of reading habits, Brazilians came 27th out of 30 countries, spending 5.2 hours a week with a book. Argentines, their neighbours, ranked 18th. 　　In rare accord, government, businesses and NGOs are all striving in different ways to change this. On March 13th the government launched a National Plan for Books and Reading. This seeks to boost reading, by founding libraries and financing publishers among other things. The Brazil Reader Institute, an NGO, brings books to people: it has installed lending libraries in two S o Paulo metro stations, and is planning one in a Carnival samba school. It is starting to be common to see characters in television soap operas shown reading. Cynics note that Globo, the biggest broadcaster, is also a big publisher of books, newspapers and magazines. 　　One discouragement to reading is that books are expensive. At S o Paulos book fair this week, O Cdigo Da Vinci was on sale for 32 reaismore than a tenth of the official minimum monthly wage. Most other books have small print-runs, pushing up their price. 　　But Brazilians indifference to books has deeper roots. Centuries of slavery meant the countrys leaders long neglected education. Primary schooling became universal only in the 1990s. Radio was ubiquitous by the 1930s; libraries and bookshops have still not caught up. The electronic experience came before the written experience, says Marino Lobello, of the Brazilian Chamber of Books, an industry body. 　　All this means that Brazils book market has the biggest growth potential in the western world, reckons Mr Lobello. That notion has attracted foreign publishers, such as Spains Prisa-Santillana, which bought a local house last year. American evangelical publishers are eyeing the market for religious books, which outsell fiction in Brazil. 　　But reading is a difficult habit to form. Brazilians bought fewer books in 2004289m, including textbooks distributed by the governmentthan they did in 1991. Last year the director of Brazils national library quit after a controversial tenure. He complained that he had half the librarians he needed and termites had eaten much of the collection. Along with crime and high interest rates, that ought to be a cause for national shame.

　　Brazil 　　A nation of non-readers 　　MANY Brazilians cannot read. In 2000, a quarter of those aged 15 and older were functionally illiterate. Many simply do not want to. Only one literate adult in three reads books. The average Brazilian reads 1.8 non-academic books a yearless than half the figure in Europe and the United States. In a recent survey of reading habits, Brazilians came 27th out of 30 countries, spending 5.2 hours a week with a book. Argentines, their neighbours, ranked 18th. 　　In rare accord, government, businesses and NGOs are all striving in different ways to change this. On March 13th the government launched a National Plan for Books and Reading. This seeks to boost reading, by founding libraries and financing publishers among other things. The Brazil Reader Institute, an NGO, brings books to people: it has installed lending libraries in two S o Paulo metro stations, and is planning one in a Carnival samba school. It is starting to be common to see characters in television soap operas shown reading. Cynics note that Globo, the biggest broadcaster, is also a big publisher of books, newspapers and magazines. 　　One discouragement to reading is that books are expensive. At S o Paulos book fair this week, O Cdigo Da Vinci was on sale for 32 reaismore than a tenth of the official minimum monthly wage. Most other books have small print-runs, pushing up their price. 　　But Brazilians indifference to books has deeper roots. Centuries of slavery meant the countrys leaders long neglected education. Primary schooling became universal only in the 1990s. Radio was ubiquitous by the 1930s; libraries and bookshops have still not caught up. The electronic experience came before the written experience, says Marino Lobello, of the Brazilian Chamber of Books, an industry body. 　　All this means that Brazils book market has the biggest growth potential in the western world, reckons Mr Lobello. That notion has attracted foreign publishers, such as Spains Prisa-Santillana, which bought a local house last year. American evangelical publishers are eyeing the market for religious books, which outsell fiction in Brazil. 　　But reading is a difficult habit to form. Brazilians bought fewer books in 2004289m, including textbooks distributed by the governmentthan they did in 1991. Last year the director of Brazils national library quit after a controversial tenure. He complained that he had half the librarians he needed and termites had eaten much of the collection. Along with crime and high interest rates, that ought to be a cause for national shame.